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Energy Modeling of manfaat lidah buaya Buildings (alpha) Free Email

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General Information Hotmail

Description:

Energy modeling of buildings is a practice of evaluating the energy use of a building through simulating and accounting for the many energy related components.

Purpose:

The goal of energy modeling of buildings is to accurately predict the energy use of a building to either test the energy performance of the building with regards to an established standard, or to compare and contrast two buildings in order to find the resulting energy savings.

Industries Served:

All buildings that have significant utility or energy use benefit from energy modeling. Not all energy efficient equipment or practices fit all situations. Analysis through energy calculations are a useful way to predict savings and calculate payback. Care should be taken to find the most worthwhile savings created in exchange for the typically higher up-front cost and effort.

Role of Federal, State, or Governing Authority

Often, building managers or new construction design teams are encouraged to install energy efficient equipment or implement energy saving strategies. Encouragement comes in the form of potential for future energy savings, an abstract point system (LEED, Green Building Standard), region-wide mandates (e.g. NYS Executive Order 111), or financial incentives. If by definition, an energy efficiency or Energy Conservation Measure (EEM/ECM) generate savings, in many cases this savings do not justify the (unreasonably) high up front cost. Incentives help to offset the high initial cost of equipment and to reduce the number of years that it will take for energy savings to break even with initial costs.

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Incentive websites:

DSIRE's Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy and Efficiency

Database of incentives listed per State
DSIRE's updated breakdown of financial incentives and policies surrounding their implementation.

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Problems with Energy Modeling of Buildings Hotmail

Diversity of Modeling Programs and file formats are not coordinated among the trades.

Possible solution: Common File formats (programmer's are addressing this issue slowly)

Software revisions occurring faster than users understanding of a program's capabilities.

Possible solution: Users signing up to receive notifications from software makers about new capabilities. Users diligently reading program documentation when available. Budgets for projects allocating time for continuous training, and learning.

Software revisions occurring slower than advances in new building technologies.

Possible solution: An industry forum with user evaluation of programs, a toolbox of justifiable techniques of to supplement and support a program's lack of capability.

Incomplete qualities or disadvantages of programs are sometimes hidden or difficult to evaluate.

Possible solution: An industry forum with user evaluation of programs.

Unknown, Energy Data. This arises from multiple reasons: Region or market wide energy studies are often too broad and over generalize, manufactures of energy efficient equipment have an inherent conflict of interest, the energy efficiency websites have a target audience of consumers and not energy modeling professionals, design engineers size equipment to peak demand and seldom consider yearly energy use, and conflicting information is abundant even among modeling advise sources. These problems also pertain to links and information presented on this page.

Possible solution: The building simulation community gathering information and evaluating it on a wikipedia type forum.

Übersetzung Italienisch Deutsch

Methods

Classification of the different methods are diverse in their practice but generally subscribe to the goal of predicting energy use. The choice between the different methods is primarily based on level of accuracy desired and what methods, codes, or standards a governing body requires the modeler to adhere to.

Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations
Hourly/Sub-Hourly simulations (eQuest) -A detailed summary of each hour of the year and the hour-by-hour energy operation of the building.
Comparative Summary Tools -Use a database to rate the building's energy efficiency in regard to other buildings.
Custom Measure tools. -Non-Interactive method of looking at one measure at a time.

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Existing Building Simulating Guidelines Hotmail

-with a brief review of useful content

NYSERDA Multifamily Building Performance Program Guidebook

What it has:

Nearly all Residential modeling information: Dhw, Room temps, Ach, plug loads, Dorm vs. Apartment building adjustments, schedules, etc.
A very comprehensive analysis of available technical information and other guides on common building modeling practices and techniques for residential buildings.

What it lacks:

It is not ASHRAE 90.1 2004 APPENDIX G
Anything commercial, retail, or industrial in nature.

LEED NC 2.2

What it has:

Different methods of calculating energy use in buildings
Charts of typical building energy use, along with some occasionally useful assumptions.
Charts of shower flow rates
References to ASHRAE 90.1 2004 Appendix G.
Many great references to energy efficiency efforts, rules, and standards around the country and the world.

What it lacks:
Estimation techniques are often very LEED specific and thereby not adaptable to other situations.
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Energy Performance for LEED new construction buildings -Detailed report of predicted vs. actual energy performance of 121 studied real buildings.
ASHRAE 90.1 2004 Appendix G.
What it has:

Lighting loads, nearly all baseline information, detailed descriptions of modeling techniques with respect to what can and what cannot be in the models.
HVAC efficiencies of baseline (from references to ASHRAE 90.1 2004 main document)
Wall construction assembly U values, etc. (from references to ASHRAE 90.1 2004 main document)
Zone definitions, what makes up a segmented thermal zone.
Heating Degree Day values for most regions, including Design Day temperatures. (from references to ASHRAE 90.1 2004 main document)
Adenda and revisions that better focus the scope of the document (see below for down side of this)

What it lacks: (Technically, it lacks nothing, but covers all undefined modeling assumptions with broad statements that vaguely fill in the blanks when questions arise.)

Schedules, or guidance in scheduling of occupancy, hvac, special equipment.
Air change and exhaust specifications
Dhw values
Clear definitions of accuracy of modeling besides: "Less than 300 hours of load not met for entire building" -regardless of sf of building.
Electric plug values.
Easy application to situations where measure complexity exceeds the modeling capability of the software modeling program.
A clear explanation for the reason behind wrap around windows in the baseline model.
Easy application to Commercial, Residential hybrid buildings.
Any general guidance on facilities where the magnitude of energy use is extreme, such as with Data Centers, IT rooms, etc.
Adenda and revisions that all energy incentive authorities accept.

NREL 2005 California Nonresidential ACM Approval Manual
What it has

Receptacle loads for typical spaces
General modeling information to conform to California's modeling practices
Schedules and thermostat settings.
Thermostat setback control schedules
Schedules for Equipment, occupancy for residential and non-residential

What it lacks

Overlaps other Modeling Standards such as ASHRAE 90.1 2004 APPENDIX G
Before using the people/sf values read the fine print about double occupancy factor within the data.

Simulation Resource Group -A very good resource,

Software

Review and summaries of different software package capabilities.

Contrasting the Capabilities of Building Energy Performance Simulation Programs written by Department of Energy in 2005. The information is old but the document is a very substantial review of programs, what they do, what they can't do, what they take into account and what physical phenomena is simulated directly or merely estimated.
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DOE's Building Energy Software Tools Directory. -This chart evaluates existing tools among two criteria: 'Free' and 'Recently Updated'. Additional evaluation is listed upon clicking on each program:

Key words, Validation/testing, Expertise Required, Users, Audience, Input, Output, Computer Platform, Programming Language, Strengths, Weaknesses, Contact, Purchase

Simulation Resource Group -A very good group covering energy simulation news, programs information and software.
IBPSA New York Chapter's review of simulation programs.

Software Programs

DOE2

Weather Files

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TMY2 defined and other information about weather files with user's manual

How to translate Eplus (.epw) weather file to DOE 2/eQuest (.bin) weather files
eQuest 3.61## (DOE2 interface)
eQuest

E-Quest Troubleshooting Guide (incomplete)
Temperatures of E-Quest Guide
Air functions in eQuest
Quality control and results evaluation: http://doe2.com/download/eQUEST/DOE22Reports-and-QC_2001-06-07.zip This document can also be found here.
Basics Music manual
Basics tutorial
eQuest training workbook (warning very large file) -highly recomended and essential for working with eQuest.
eQuest training workbook examples

eQuest refrig 3.61## (DOE2refrig -special simulation software for refrigerated facilities)
Energy Plus ( Demand Response Quick Assessment Tool, DesignBuilder, EFEN, Hevacomp, HLCP, TREATPlus, EPlusInterface)
Energy plus Weather Files
Treat
TRNSYS
Energy Guage Summit
Cool Tool
Green building Studio
Hourly Analysis Program (HAP)
Owens Corning Commercial Energy Calculator (OC-CEC)
Trace 700
VisualDOE

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Modeling Resources

A few words on the different types of numbers specific to energy modeling.
The Up and Down chart of modeling
Integration of the energy modeling process into the construction process

Maps Maps Maps

ASHRAE zones vs, Energy Star Zones, USA, New York

Units, Conversions, and Definitions common to Energy Modeling:

Common Electric terms

General Conversions web site

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HVAC units, types, terms, setup,
SEER vs, EER, vs COP, vs Efficiency, vs BTU/BTU.
Utility Bill Interpretation, Information
New York Region

NY Utility map per utility per region
NYC utility Bills
Predicting Energy costs for the Con Ed NYC area for commercial, industrial, and residential
NYSERDA Utility Bill Information

Gas delivery cost per month

United States Utility Information per state with news about Utilities
California Utility
Oregon Utility
Codes
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